Sistema
A System is an astrographic term for a star and its family of secondary stars, planets, planetoids, asteroids, moons, and artificial satellites. It is also known as a Star System, Stellar System or a World-System.
Descripción (Especificaciones)
El término sistema indica un mundo principal y su estrella asociada además de otras estrellas, planetas, satélites, asteroides y cualquier otro cuerpo con una relación gravitatoria significativa con la estrella principal. También incluye todos las sistemas de bandas desde los más interiores hasta las nubes de Oort y los cometas en órbita y otros objetos astrográficos.
Stellar system objects
A number of different types of objects can be found within a single system.
Objetos del sistema estelar
Se pueden encontrar distintos tipos de objetos en un sistema estelar.
- Estrella primaria
- Se designa como primara a la estrella más grande (en términos de masa) del sistema.
- Estrella(s) Secundaria(s)
- El sistema puede tener una o más estrellas adicionales en órbita alrededor (y coorbitando con) la estrella primaria. Esto incluye objetos como Enanas marrones, Enanas blancas, Estrellas de neutrones, y Agujeros negros.
- Gigantes gaseosas
- Son los planetas de mayor tamaño. Se componen de una atmósfera de hidrógeno y carecen de superperficie sólida.
- Planeta
- Un planeta es un cuerpo celeste con suficiente gravedad para formar una esfera. Pueden, o no, tener atmósfera, hidrosfera o estar habitados.
- Luna
- Un cuerpo celeste que orbita un planeta o gigante gaseoso. Algunas lunas pueden tener el tamaño de planetas y pueden coorbitar con su planetas padres.
- Planetoide
- Un cuerpo celeste demasiado pequeño para que su gravedad le de forma de esfera. En algunos casos un grupo de Planetoides se reunen en una misma órbita dando lugar a un Cinturón de planetoides o un Cinturón de asteroides.
Órbitas
| Número de órbita | Distancia (UA) | Distancia luz |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0,2 | 100 segundos-luz |
| 1 | 0,4 | 200 segundos-luz |
| 2 | 0,7 | 5,5 minutos luz |
| 3 | 1,0 | 8 minutos luz |
| 4 | 1,6 | 13 minutos luz |
| 5 | 2,8 | 30 minutos luz |
| 6 | 5,2 | 43 minutos luz |
| 7 | 10 | 83 minutos luz |
| 8 | 20 | 3 horas luz |
| 9 | 40 | 5 horas luz |
| 10 | 77 | 10 horas luz |
| 11 | 154 | 21 horas luz |
| 12 | 308 | 41 horas luz |
| 13 | 615 | 3 días luz |
| 14 | 1.230 | 7 días luz |
| 15 | 2.500 | 14 días luz |
| 16 | 4.900 | 4 semanas luz |
| 17 | 9.800 | 8 semanas luz |
| 18 | 19.500 | 16 semanas luz |
| 19 | 39.500 | 32 semanas luz |
| 20 | 78.800 | 1 año luz |
Normalmente los mundos y otros objetos se mueven en una trayectoria elíptica alrededor de la estrella primaria en la misma dirección y en el mismo plano (llamado plano oribital o plano de la elíptica). La dirección de de la trayectoria orbital y el plano de las órbitas son una consecuencia de la formación del sistema.
The mapping convention assumes a fixed set of circular orbits common to every system. Orbits are numbered from 0 to 20 with the distances along a geometric progression. The distances are measured from the gravitational center of the primary star.
In reality orbits are elliptical, rarely fall exactly onto the common set of orbits, and the individual object's orbital plane may not match the other objects in the system. In systems with two or more stars, the center of the system may not be in the primary star at all but at the gravitational center of the system somewhere in space between the multiple stars.
Orbital Zones
Every star has a defined set of zones covering one or more orbits.
- Photosphere
- The surface of the star itself. While most stars are much smaller that even orbit 0, some giant stars cover multiple orbits. The largest stars can extend out to orbit 5.
- Inner limit
- The inner limit for planetary formation. Within the inner limit the temperature will vaporize rock preventing the formation of planets. In some cases planets will move into the inner limit orbits but are quickly vaporized.
- Habitable Zone
- The range where the temperature would allow liquid water to exist on the surface of a world. Not all worlds in the Habitable Zone are habitable, but it is the best place to look.
- Outer limit
- The outer limit is the largest orbit where a planet would be created when the system was formed. Beyond the outer limit there are usually only comets and small worlds.
- Heliopause
- The boundary at which the radiation from the primary is balanced against the interstellar medium. This is generally defined as the edge of the system, beyond which is interstellar space.
The orbits between the Inner Limit and the Habitable Zone is the Inner System. Orbits between the Habitable Zone and the Outer limit are the Outer System. Orbits beyond the outer limit are the Remote System. Orbits beyond the Heliopause are simply noted as Beyond, and objects in the Beyond are not considered part of the system.
Orbital positions of interest
In addition to the orbital distances based on astronomical observations there are orbital distances defined by technology and sophont use that are of interest.
- Safe Distance
- The minimum safe distance to approach the star by standard space craft. The limit is defined by the temperature of the star. Unless the ship is specifically designed to handle the heat and radiation, approaching closer to the star can present significant danger to the craft and occupants.
- 100D limit
- The 100 diameter limit for the Jump Drive. For most main sequence stars, the 100D limit is close to the Habitable zone of the star. For some cool giant stars the habitable zone can be weeks of travel from 100D limit, making trade a challenge.
- 1000D Maneuver Drive limit
- The standard gravity based maneuver drive does not function very well beyond the 1000D limit of any star. For travel to worlds beyond this limit require careful navigation, an alternative drive system, or both.
Polystellar Systems
Polystellar star system are system with two or more stars.
| Type | # Stars | Rough % | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monostellar Star System | 1 | 60 | Most common star system. Not a polystellar system. |
| Binary Star System | 2 | 30 | Common star system. |
| Trinary Star System | 3 | 4 to 5 | Uncommon star system. |
| Quaternary Star System | 4 | 2 to 3 | Infrequent star system. |
| Quinary Star System | 5 | 1 to 2 | Rare. |
| Sextenary Star System | 6 | N<1 | Very rare. |
Image Repository
- An IISS Scout Manual diagram of planetary orbits within a Star System.
Historia y trasfondo (Dosier)
Normalmente el SEII o sus homólogos sólo tienen cartas estelares bastante detalladas del sistema interior (Zona Interior, Zona de habitabilidad y Zona exterior). El resto del sistema (Remoto y Más allá) normalmente permanece poco cartografiado o casi sin cartografiar.
Ver también
Star systems
Fringian Variant System Description
References & Contributors (Sources)
- Marc Miller. Worlds and Adventures (Game Designers Workshop, 1977), 4-8.
- Marc Miller. Scouts (Game Designers Workshop, 1983), 21-40.
- Marc Miller. Referee's Manual (Game Designers Workshop, 1987), 16-29.
- Frank Chadwick, Dave Nilsen. Traveller: The New Era (Game Designers Workshop, 1993), 192.
- Jon F. Zeigler. First In (Steve Jackson Games, 1999), 44-61.
- Martin Dougherty. A Guide to Star Systems (Mongoose Publishing, 2015), 4-12.
- Marc Miller, Robert Eaglestone, Don McKinney. Characters and Combat (Far Future Enterprises, 2019), 31,32.
- Marc Miller, Robert Eaglestone, Don McKinney. Worlds and Adventures (Far Future Enterprises, 2019), 16-36.
- Contributor: Lord (Marquis) and Master Scout Emeritus Adie Alegoric Stewart of the IISS
- Contributor: Lord (Marquis) and Master of Sophontology Maksim-Smelchak of the Ministry of Science