Difference between revisions of "Barnard's Star (star)"

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{{InfoboxStar
 
{{InfoboxStar
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|name=Banard
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|name=Barnard's Star
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|spectral=M4 V
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|image    = [[File:Traveller_Imperial_Science_Societies_Sunburst_logo.svg|45px]]
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|spectral=M4 Ve
 
|type=Main Sequence
 
|type=Main Sequence
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|lum=0.0035
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|multiple=
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|mag=13.22
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|radius= 0.2 <small>(=1.75 R<sub>J</sub>)</small>
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|temp=3100K
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|rrank=
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|mass=0.15
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|lum= 0.0035  
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|mag= 13.22
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|lref= 9.57
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|lrworld=[[Terra (SR 1827) (world)|Terra]]
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|lref2=
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|lrworld2=[[Vland (world)|Vland]]
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|temp= 3100
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|mass= 0.144 <small>(=150 M<sub>J</sub>)</small>
 +
|mrank=
 +
|companion=
 
}}
 
}}
 +
[[Barnard's Star (star)|Barnard's Star]] (otherwise known as '''Proxima Ophiuchi''') is a pinkish-orange "red dwarf" main sequence [[Star|star]] of spectral type '''M4''' that is classified as a ''BY Draconis'' type variable [[Star|star]] with variable designation ''V2500 Ophiuchi''.
 +
* Though a comparatively dim [[Star|star]] in the human-range of the visible spectrum of light, it is much brighter in the infrared part of the [[Electromagnetic Spectrum|electromagnetic spectrum]]. 
  
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'''Barnard's Star''' is a red dwarf of the dim M4 spectral type. Its apparent magnitude is 9.57.  
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== Description ==
 +
'''Barnard's Star''' has a mass of approximately 150 times that of Jupiter, but its radius is only about 1.75 times that of Jupiter due to its much higher density.
 +
* At 7 to 12 billion years of age, '''Barnard's Star''' is considerably older than [[Sol (star)|Sol]] and is classified as a [[Star#Population_II_stars|Population II]] [[Star|star]], and in fact may be among the oldest [[Star|star]]s in the universe.  '''Barnard's Star''' has lost a great deal of rotational energy, and periodic changes in its light indicate it rotates just once every 130 days.
 +
* Given its age, '''Barnard's Star''' was long assumed to be quiescent in terms of stellar activity. However astronomers have frequently observed intense stellar flares, making it a surprising [[Flare Star|flare star]].
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* The proper motion of the body corresponds to a relative lateral speed ("sideways" relative to [[Sol (star)|Sol]]) of 90 km/sec. From the vantage point of the [[Sol (star)|Sol]] system, the 10.3 seconds of arc covered annually amounts to a quarter of a degree in a human lifetime, roughly half the angular diameter of [[Terra|Terra's]] "full Moon" as perceived from the planetary surface.
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* Because of its low mass, the interior of '''Barnard's Star''' is completely convective, causing energy to be transferred to the exterior by the movement of plasma rather than through radiative transport. This convection means that the helium ash left over from the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen does not accumulate at the core, but instead circulates throughout the [[Star|star]]. Unlike [[Sol (star)|Sol]], which will only burn through about 10% of its total hydrogen supply before leaving the main sequence, ''Barnard's Star'' will consume nearly all of its fuel before the fusion of hydrogen comes to an end, becoming smaller and hotter as the fuel is used up and turning into a [[Star#Blue_Dwarf|"blue dwarf"]] as its end approaches. It will finally end its life as a [[Star#Degenerate_Dwarf|white dwarf]], without having passed through the [[Star#Giant_Star|red-giant]] phase.  
  
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At 7 to 12 billion years of age, Barnard's Star is considerably older than [[Sol (star)|Sol]] and may be among the oldest stars in the universe; it has lost a great deal of rotational energy, and periodic changes in its light indicate it rotates just once every 130 days. Given its age, Barnard's Star was long assumed to be quiescent in terms of stellar activity. However astronomers have frequently observed intense stellar flares, making it a surprising flare star.
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The ''Barnard'' [[Star|star]] system lies approximately 1.82pc from Terra, and is located in a roughly Coreward direction from Terra at bearing 031.0<sup>o</sup> Galactic Longitude and +14.1<sup>o</sup> North Galactic Latitude.
  
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The proper motion of the body corresponds to a relative lateral speed ("sideways" relative to the Sun) of 90 kilometres per second (km/s). The 10.3 seconds of arc covered annually amounts to a quarter of a degree in a human lifetime, roughly half the angular diameter of the full Moon.[12]
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== History ==
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''Barnard's Star'' is the primary [[Star|star]] of the world {{World|Barnard|Solomani Rim|Sol|1926}}.  
  
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=== Image Repository ===
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[[TravellerMap]] <small>([[T5SS]])</small>: <br> [https://travellermap.com/?options=58363&x=15.314&y=-105.487&scale=128]
  
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== Sources ==
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{{Metadata}}
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{{Advanced}}
 
{{Wikipedia|Barnard's_Star}}
 
{{Wikipedia|Barnard's_Star}}
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{{Sources
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|S1= {{CT}}: [[Solomani (Alien Module)]]
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|S2= [[GURPS Traveller: Interstellar Wars]]
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|S3= [[GURPS Traveller: Rim of Fire]]
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|S4= [[Mongoose Traveller: Solomani Rim]]
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|S5= [[Mongoose Traveller: Solomani|Mongoose Traveller Alien Module 5: Solomani]]
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|S6= EXTERNAL LINK: ''SIMBAD @ University of Strasbourg'': [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-fid]
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|S7= [[Traveller Wiki Editorial Team]]
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|S8= Author & Contributor: Lord (Viscount) and Chancellor [[Thomas Jones-Low]] of the [[Ministry of Information and Communication]]
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|S9= Author & Contributor: [[User:WHULorigan|WHULorigan]]
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|S10= Author & Contributor: Lord (Marquis) and Master of Sophontology [[Maksim-Smelchak]] of the [[Ministry of Science]]
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}}
  
 
[[Category: Flare Star]]
 
[[Category: Flare Star]]
 
[[Category: Red Dwarf]]
 
[[Category: Red Dwarf]]
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{{LEN}}
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{{LE|Star}}

Latest revision as of 09:19, 18 March 2024

Barnard's Star
Traveller Imperial Science Societies Sunburst logo.svg
Spectral M4 Ve
Type Main Sequence
Luminosity 0.0035 LSol
Absolute magnitude 13.22
Mag Terra 9.57
Temperature 3100° K
Mass 0.144 (=150 MJ) MSol
Radius 0.2 (=1.75 RJ) RSol

Barnard's Star (otherwise known as Proxima Ophiuchi) is a pinkish-orange "red dwarf" main sequence star of spectral type M4 that is classified as a BY Draconis type variable star with variable designation V2500 Ophiuchi.

  • Though a comparatively dim star in the human-range of the visible spectrum of light, it is much brighter in the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Description[edit]

Barnard's Star has a mass of approximately 150 times that of Jupiter, but its radius is only about 1.75 times that of Jupiter due to its much higher density.

  • At 7 to 12 billion years of age, Barnard's Star is considerably older than Sol and is classified as a Population II star, and in fact may be among the oldest stars in the universe. Barnard's Star has lost a great deal of rotational energy, and periodic changes in its light indicate it rotates just once every 130 days.
  • Given its age, Barnard's Star was long assumed to be quiescent in terms of stellar activity. However astronomers have frequently observed intense stellar flares, making it a surprising flare star.
  • The proper motion of the body corresponds to a relative lateral speed ("sideways" relative to Sol) of 90 km/sec. From the vantage point of the Sol system, the 10.3 seconds of arc covered annually amounts to a quarter of a degree in a human lifetime, roughly half the angular diameter of Terra's "full Moon" as perceived from the planetary surface.
  • Because of its low mass, the interior of Barnard's Star is completely convective, causing energy to be transferred to the exterior by the movement of plasma rather than through radiative transport. This convection means that the helium ash left over from the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen does not accumulate at the core, but instead circulates throughout the star. Unlike Sol, which will only burn through about 10% of its total hydrogen supply before leaving the main sequence, Barnard's Star will consume nearly all of its fuel before the fusion of hydrogen comes to an end, becoming smaller and hotter as the fuel is used up and turning into a "blue dwarf" as its end approaches. It will finally end its life as a white dwarf, without having passed through the red-giant phase.

The Barnard star system lies approximately 1.82pc from Terra, and is located in a roughly Coreward direction from Terra at bearing 031.0o Galactic Longitude and +14.1o North Galactic Latitude.

History[edit]

Barnard's Star is the primary star of the world Barnard/Sol (Solomani Rim 1926).

Image Repository[edit]

TravellerMap (T5SS):
[1]

Sources[edit]

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This list of sources was used by the Traveller Wiki Editorial Team and individual contributors to compose this article. Copyrighted material is used under license from Far Future Enterprises or by permission of the author. The page history lists all of the contributions.
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