Editing Hull

[[File: Hull-A-Airframe-THUMB-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019b.jpg|right]]
The [[Hull]] is the main body of a [[ship]], [[boat]], or other [[vessel]] type. {{Unpublished cite|author= [[Maksim-Smelchak]]|citeName= MS#1}} 
* It contains the superstructure, frame, skeleton, and internal structure among other terms.
* It is often called a [[fuselage]], [[airframe]], or [[chassis]] on [[smallcraft]] or [[vehicle]]s.
* Hulls have several primary characteristics (specifications) of ''hull shape'', ''structure'', ''streamlining'' as well as several other minor ones.
* Some hulls are built as [[Tail-sitter]]s. A tail-sitter or tailsitter is a type of VTOL craft that takes off and lands on its tail, then tilts horizontally for forward flight. 
* It is the major location of [[Ship Equipment]].
* ''Hulls'' are commonly divided into two major sections, the [[Main Compartment]] and [[Engineering Compartment]].
 
== Description ([[Specifications]]) ==
Hulls or fuselages are the skeletons, internal structures, and other core structural features of a [[craft]] capable of [[atmospheric flight]], [[spaceflight]], or [[starflight]]. {{Unpublished cite|author= [[Maksim-Smelchak]]|citeName= MS#1}} 
 
Hulls are identified by their mass displacement, expressed in [[ton]]s of displaced [[liquid hydrogen]]. When hulls are constructed, they are divided into an engineering section for the [[drive]]s and the main compartment for everything else. Standard hulls are available at reduced prices and construction times. Any other hull must be produced on a custom basis. Hulls vary in their requirements for [[drive]]s and [[power plant]]s based on tonnage. {{Unpublished cite|author= [[Maksim-Smelchak]]|citeName= MS#1}} 

The ''CBPUSAL-7'' Hull Series are considered the seven basic known hull types. All other hull variations are considered subtype variations. Certain streamlining configurations are associated with each of the seven hull types, but variations are possible among un-streamlined, partially streamlined, and fully streamlined orientations among other possibilities.

=== Hull Primary Characteristics ===
# [[Hull Shape]] ([[Hull Configuration]])
## [[Cluster Hull]] (consisting of linked subhulls and pods)
### [[Close Structure Hull]]
### [[Dispersed Structure Hull]]
### [[Distributed Structure Hull]]
### [[Irregular Structure Hull]]
### [[Open Frame Hull]]
## [[Braced Cluster Hull]] (consisting of linked subhulls and pods, able to withstand acceleration and gravity wells)
### [[Braced Hull]]
### [[Oreo Pattern Hull]]
## [[Planetoid Hull]]
### [[Buffered Planetoid Hull]]
## [[Unstreamlined Hull]]
### [[Box Hull]] 
### [[Cube Hull]] 
### [[Slab Hull]]
## [[Streamlined Hull]]
### [[Cone Hull]]
### [[Cylinder Hull]]
### [[Needle Hull]]
### [[Ring Hull]]
### [[Sphere Hull]]
## [[Wedge Hull]]
### [[Cylinder Hull]]
### [[Needle Hull]]
### [[Slab Hull]]
## [[Lifting Body Hull]]
### [[Disk Hull]] 
### [[Dome Hull]] 
### [[Flattened Sphere Hull]]
### [[Saucer Hull]]
# [[Hull Structure]]
# [[Hull Streamlining]]
## [[Partially Streamlined Hull]]
## [[Streamlined Hull]]
## [[Unstreamlined Hull]]

=== Hull Explication ===
'''[[Hull|The Hull]]:''' Hulls are identified by their mass displacement, expressed in tons. As a rough guide, one ton equals fourteen cubic meters (the volume of one ton of liquid hydrogen and its tank structure). When hulls are constructed, they are divided into an engineering section for the drives and the main compartment for everything else. All drives and [[power plant]]s must be located in the engineering section, and only drives and [[power plant]]s may be placed in that section. All other ship components, including [[Ship Fuel|fuel]], cargo hold, living space, and [[computer]] must be located in the main compartment. {{Page cite|name= Starships|page=13|version=Classic Traveller|citeName= CTS#13}}

There are seven standard hulls which are available at reduced prices and construction times. Any other hull must be produced on a custom basis at a cost of MCr0.1 per ton with a minimum price MCr20. Construction (or build) times for custom hulls can often be much longer than standard hull construction. Hulls vary in their requirements for drives and power plants based on tonnage. {{Page cite|name= Starships|page=13|version=Classic Traveller|citeName= CTS#13}}

Any specific drive will be less efficient as the tonnage it must drive increases. There are twenty-four standard drive types, identified by the letters A through Z (omitting I and O to avoid confusion). Also listed are various tonnage levels for hulls; any tonnage which exceeds a listed level should be read at the next higher level. Correlating hull size with drive letter indicates drive potential. For [[maneuver drive]]s, this potential is the G’s of acceleration available. For [[jump drive]]s, the potential is the jump number (Jn), or jump range in [[parsec]]s. For [[power plant]]s, it is power plant rating (Pn). For example, a 200-ton hull equipped with maneuver drive-A can produce 1-G acceleration; an 800-ton hull equipped with jump drive-K can produce jump-2. {{Page cite|name= Starships|page=13|version=Classic Traveller|citeName= CTS#13}}

A ship’s hull is broadly composed of two sections:
# Engineering Compartment  / Section
# Main Compartment / Section

=== Image Repository ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" 
!colspan="7"| ''CBPUSAL-7 Function Designation''
|-
! C
! B
! P
! U
! S
! A
! L
|-
| [[File:Hull-Form-C-Cluster T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019a.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Hull-Form-B-Braced-Cluster-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019a.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Hull-Form-P-Planetoid-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019a.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Hull-Form-U-Unstreamlined-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019a.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Hull-Form-S-Streamlined-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019a.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Hull-Form-A-Airframe-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019a.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Hull-Form-L-Lifting-Body-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019a.jpg|100px]]
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" Hull Characteristics
!colspan="7"| ''CBPUSAL-7 Function Designation''
|-
! Image
! Code
! Hull
! Primary Environment
! Streamlining
! Subtypes 
! Remarks (Synopsis)
|-
| [[File: Hull-C-Cluster-THUMB T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019b.jpg|100px]]
| C
| [[Cluster Hull]]
| [[Spacecraft]] / [[Vacuum]]
| [[Unstreamlined Hull]] or [[Partially Streamlined Hull]]
| [[Cluster Hull]] 
* [[Close Structure Hull]]
* [[Dispersed Structure Hull]] 
* [[Distributed Structure Hull]]
* [[Irregular Structure Hull]]
* [[Open Frame Hull]]
| Simple spacecraft hull suited to cargo transport.
* Often used by [[Battle Tender]]s and [[Battle Rider]]s
* Often used by craft with [[External Cradle]]s.
* Some [[terran]]s call them ''tinker toy''s.
|-
| [[File: Hull-B-Braced-Cluster-THUMB-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019b.jpg|100px]]
| B
| [[Braced Cluster Hull]]
| [[Spacecraft]] / [[Vacuum]]
| [[Unstreamlined Hull]] or [[Partially Streamlined Hull]]
| [[Braced Cluster Hull]]
* [[Braced Hull]] 
* [[Oreo Pattern Hull]]
| Intermediate complexity spacecraft hull suited to cargo transport at increased acceleration rates.
* Often used by [[Battle Tender]]s and [[Battle Rider]]s
* Often used by craft with [[External Cradle]]s.
|-
| [[File: Hull-P-Planetoid-THUMB-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019b.jpg|100px]]
| P
| [[Planetoid Hull]]
| [[Spacecraft]] / [[Vacuum]]
| [[Unstreamlined Hull]] or [[Partially Streamlined Hull]]
| [[Planetoid Hull]]
* [[Buffered Planetoid Hull]]
| Simple complexity hull with advantages in durability and readily available.
|-
| [[File: Hull-U-Unstreamlined-THUMB-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019b.jpg|100px]]
| U
| [[Unstreamlined Hull]]
| [[Spacecraft]] / [[Vacuum]]
| [[Unstreamlined Hull]] or [[Partially Streamlined Hull]]
| [[Box Hull]] 
* [[Cube Hull]] 
* [[Slab Hull]]
| Simplest spacecraft hull. Very basic, simple, and enduring.
|-
| [[File: Hull-S-Streamlined-THUMB-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019b.jpg|100px]]
| S
| [[Streamlined Hull]]
| [[Interface Craft]] / [[Atmosphere]]
| [[Streamlined Hull]]
| [[Cone Hull]]
* [[Cylinder Hull]]
* [[Needle Hull]]
* [[Ring Hull]]
* [[Sphere Hull]]
| Complex hull. Minimizes atmospheric drag. Also available as a [[Partially Streamlined Hull]].
|-
| [[File: Hull-A-Airframe-THUMB-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019b.jpg|100px]]
| A
| [[Airframe Hull]]
| [[Interface Craft]] / [[Atmosphere]]
| [[Streamlined Hull]]
| [[Wedge Hull]]
* [[Cylinder Hull]]
* [[Needle Hull]]
* [[Slab Hull]]
| Intermediate complexity hull. Increased atmospheric maneuverability. Also available as a [[Partially Streamlined Hull]].
|-
| [[File: Hull-L-Lifting-Body-THUMB-T5-Core-Rules 01-June-2019b.jpg|100px]]
| L
| [[Lifting Body Hull]]
| [[Interface Craft]] / [[Atmosphere]]
| [[Streamlined Hull]]
| [[Flattened Sphere Hull]]
* [[Disk Hull]] 
* [[Dome Hull]]
* [[Saucer Hull]]
* [[Wedge Hull]]
| Very complex hull. Best lift capabilities. Also available as a [[Partially Streamlined Hull]]. 
|-
|}

''NOTES:'' Hulls are not limited in application. It is possible to build hulls across a variety of applications and characteristics. Hull terminology is often duplicative with semantic overlap.

=== Physical Structure (Surface) ===
'''Secondary Hull Characteristic:'''
* Access points
** [[Airlock]]s
** Cargo Ramps
* [[Bay]]
* [[Bulkhead Wall]]s
* Docking point
** [[External_Cradle]]
** [[Hangar]]
** [[Vehicle Bay]]
* Equipment Attachment points
** [[Drop Tank]] mount
** [[Hardpoint]]s (Weapon mount)
* Internal compartments
* [[Landing Gear]]
** Fixed Landing Gear
** Recessible Landing Gear
* [[Stealth Hull]]
* [[Ton|Tonnage]] ([[Ton]]s of displacement, equivalent to 1 [[Ton]] of liquid [[hydrogen]]).
** Dimensions and Volume.
** [[Pod]]s (less than 100 [[Ton]]s displacement)
** [[Subhull]]s (100 [[Ton]]s displacement or more)

=== Configuration (Shape) ===
'''Primary Hull Shape Characteristic:'''
# [[Hull Shape]]
## [[Cluster Hull]] (consisting of linked subhulls and pods)
### [[Close Structure Hull]]
### [[Dispersed Structure Hull]]
### [[Distributed Structure Hull]]
### [[Irregular Structure Hull]]
### [[Open Frame Hull]]
## [[Braced Cluster Hull]] (consisting of linked subhulls and pods, able to withstand acceleration and gravity wells)
### [[Braced Hull]]
### [[Oreo Pattern Hull]]
## [[Planetoid Hull]]
### [[Buffered Planetoid Hull]]
## [[Unstreamlined Hull]]
### [[Box Hull]] 
### [[Cube Hull]] 
### [[Slab Hull]]
## [[Streamlined Hull]]
### [[Cone Hull]]
### [[Cylinder Hull]]
### [[Needle Hull]]
### [[Ring Hull]]
### [[Sphere Hull]]
## [[Wedge Hull]]
### [[Cylinder Hull]]
### [[Needle Hull]]
### [[Slab Hull]]
## [[Lifting Body Hull]]
### [[Disk Hull]] 
### [[Dome Hull]] 
### [[Flattened Sphere Hull]]
### [[Saucer Hull]]

=== Streamlining (Aerodynamics) ===
'''Primary Hull Characteristic:''' Streamlining may be inherent to the configuration, or it may be an applied design feature: 
* [[Airframe Hull]]
** Wings and Fins
* [[Lifting Body Hull]]
* [[Partially Streamlined Hull]]
* [[Streamlined Hull]] 
* [[Unstreamlined Hull]]

==== Fuels Scoops ====
A hull may be additionally equipped for wilderness refuelling with:
* [[Fuel Scoop]]s
** These are sometimes referred to as [[Onboard Fuel Scoop]]s

Aircraft hulls may be equipped with intakes for various engine types for atmospheric flight.

=== Hull Materials / Hull Armor (Defensive Frame) ===
'''Secondary Hull Characteristic:'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" 
!colspan="3"| ''Primary structural material:'' Hull Materials & Armor
|-
! Type
! [[TL]]
! Remarks
|-
| Iron 
| [[TL-3]]
| Iron is a common and relatively hard metal armor used by many [[TL:1-3]] and some later vehicles. 
|-
| Steel 
| [[TL-4]]
| Steel armor is the next step of hardened metal armor used by [[TL:4-6]] vehicles. 
|-
| Hard Steel 
| [[TL-5]]
| Hardened steels are a marked improvement over previous armors and give military and engineering advantages.
|-
| Light Alloys 
| [[TL-6]]
| None
|-
| Titanium Alloy 
| [[TL-6]]
| None
|-
| [[Composite Laminate]] 
| [[TL-7]]
| None
|-
| [[Lightweight Composite Laminate]] 
| [[TL-9]]
| None
|-
| [[Crystaliron]] 
| [[TL-10]]
| None
|-
| [[Superdense]] 
| [[TL-12]]
| None
|-
| [[Bonded Superdense]] 
| [[TL-14]]
| None
|-
| [[Coherent Superdense]] 
| [[TL-17]]
| None
|-
| Organic Armor
| Various
| Organic armor is difficult to categorize by [[TL]] and comes in a vast variety of forms and effective levels of sophistication. 
|-
| Future Armor 
| [[TL:19-21]]+
| No one knows what may come, but [[futurologist]]s are guessing...
|-
|}

'''[[Armor]]:'''
* Compartmentalization
* Electrostatic armor
* Hull plating
* Inherent armor ([[Planetoid Hull]]s)
* Reactive armor
* [[Reflec]] coating
* Structural bracing

=== Additional Features (Accoutrements) ===
'''Secondary Hull Characteristic:'''
* Exterior Windows
* Heat Shielding
* Non-electronic masking methods 
* Radiation Shielding
* Stealth coatings
* Surface finish (color scheme), markings, and logos

== History & Background ([[Dossier]]) ==
Hulls are a vital part of any large, complex technological transportation conveyance. they range from the earliest found materials to massively processed materials such as smelted metals, alloys, polymers, composites, ceramics, nano-materials, and more. And despite the many different materials, the basic engineering principles and vehicles and vessel construction have changed very little over thousands of years. {{Unpublished cite|author= [[Maksim-Smelchak]]|citeName= MS#1}} 

=== Technological Overview of Hull Development ===
[[Unpowered aircraft]] using floaters or harnessed flying [[creature]]s typically become available to [[sophont]]s in the [[TL:1-3]] epoch.
* By the [[TL:4-6]] [[tech epoch]], [[powered aircraft]] become first possible to the average [[sophont]] [[civilization]]. Some even use rockets or other technology to reach space.
* By the [[TL:7-9]] [[tech epoch]], regular [[spaceflight]] becomes possible.
* By the [[TL:10-12]] [[tech epoch]], routine [[starflight]] using [[FTL]] [[jump drive]]s becomes routine. 

At higher [[technological epoch]]s, more advanced forms of [[starflight]] become theoretically possible including trans-universal or trans-brane transportation to [[multiverse]]s. Some believe that [[chronotaxis]] or [[time travel]] may become routinely available in the far future.

==== Expected Tech Epoch Transitions ====
'''Airflight:'''
* [[Partially Streamlined Hull]] → [[Streamlined Hull]] → [[Airframe Hull]] → [[Lifting Body Hull]]

'''Transatmospheric Flight:'''
* [[Rocket Ship]] → [[Spaceplane]] → [[Interface Craft|Gravitic Interface Craft]] 

'''[[Spaceflight]] & [[Starflight]]:'''
* [[Unstreamlined Hull]] → [[Planetoid Hull]] → [[Cluster Hull]] → [[Braced Cluster Hull]]

=== CBPUSAL Function Designation Streamlining Spectrum ===
The [[Imperial Ship Builders Association]] ([[ISBA]]) qualifies modern naval [[hull]]s across this spectrum:
# C. [[Cluster Hull|Cluster]]. An accumulation of compartments. 
# B. [[Braced Cluster Hull|Braced Cluster]]. Structured for higher acceleration. 
# P. [[Planetoid Hull|Planetoid]]. A hollowed nickel-iron [[asteroid]]. 
# U. [[Unstreamlined Hull|Unstreamlined]]. Protrusions increase drag. 
# S. [[Streamlined Hull|Streamlined]]. Cowlings and fairings decrease drag. 
# A. [[Airframe Hull|Airframe]]. Winged for performance in [[atmosphere]]. 
# L. [[Lifting Body Hull|Lifting Body]]. Radically streamlined lifting-surfaces.

== See also ==
=== Library Data Referral Tree ===
Please see the following [[AAB]] [[Library Data]] articles for more information: <br>
'''[[Starship|Ship Design]]:'''
{{:Referral-Tree-Naval-Construction-Ship-Design}}
 
== References & Contributors ([[Sources]]) ==
{{Metadata}}
{{Advanced}}
{{Sources
|S1= {{Ludography cite|name= Starships |page= 13 |version=Classic Traveller}} ([[Classic Traveller]], [[Book 2]]) 
|S2= {{Ludography cite|name= High Guard |page= TBD |version=Classic Traveller}} ([[Game Designers Workshop]] 1980) ([[Classic Traveller]], [[Book 5]]) 
|S3= {{Ludography cite|name= Referee's Manual |page= TBD}}
|S4= {{Ludography cite|name= Fire, Fusion, & Steel |page= TBD}}
|S5= {{Ludography cite|name= T5 Core Rules |page= TBD}}
|S6= EXTERNAL LINK: [http://freelancetraveller.com/features/shipyard/hulls1.html Ship Structure and Hull Size Limitations] at [[Freelance Traveller]] by [[Christopher Thrash]]
|S8= Author & Contributor: Lord (Marquis) and Master Scout Emeritus [[Adie Alegoric Stewart]] of the [[IISS]]
|S9=  
}}


{{LE|Ship Equipment|}}
{{LEN|}}